住院医师规范化培训对订单定向医学生执业医师资格考试通过率的影响研究

背景 为加强农村地区卫生人才队伍建设,我国于2010年开始实施农村订单定向医学生培养项目。2015年,国家要求订单定向毕业生在毕业后须参加为期3年的住院医师规范化培训（简称住培）。 目的 了解订单定向毕业生参加住培情况,分析住培对执业医师资格考试通过率的影响,探究住培对订单定向毕业生培养和农村基层卫生人力的意义,为订单定向毕业生的高质量培养提供政策建议。 方法 2015年开始,在我国中西部3个省份共抽取4所承担订单定向培养项目的高校,建立订单定向毕业生队列,并按照班级1∶1选取同年毕业的普通临床毕业生作为对照,每年进行追踪随访。利用描述性分析展示订单定向毕业生参加住培的情况、执业医师资格考试通过率,并与普通临床毕业生比较。采用Cox回归分析参加住培对执业医师资格考试通过率的影响。 结果 2015—2019届订单定向毕业生中分别有86.69%（228/263）、86.78%（361/416）、87.79%（381/434）、91.08%（388/426）、94.43%（356/377）表示毕业后愿意参加住培,同届普通临床毕业生毕业后愿意参加住培的比例分别为72.20%（200/277）、58.75%（151/257）、70.42%（169/240）、73.23%（145/198）、61.03%（83/136）;2015—2019届订单定向毕业生实际参加住培的比例分别为99.02%（202/204）、97.10%（301/310）、94.99%（322/339）、89.91%（285/317）、69.45%（241/347）,同届普通临床生的参加比例分别为67.57%（100/148）、66.12%（80/121）、74.79%（89/119）、43.33%（39/90）、34.62%（27/78）。2015—2017届订单定向毕业生执业医师资格考试通过率达到99.23%（259/261）、94.86%（351/370）、91.74%（311/339）,同届普通临床生的通过率分别为97.74%（173/177）、95.87%（116/121）、88.24%（105/119）。Cox回归结果显示,校正人口学变量、家庭经济状况、学医意愿、医学教育情况、参加住培相关因素后,参加住培组通过执业医师资格考试的概率是未参加住培组的1.23倍〔95%CI（1.02,1.49）,P=0.031〕。 结论 订单定向毕业生住培参加意愿、住培参加比例、执业医师资格考试通过率均较高。参加住培能提高医学毕业生的能力,对通过执业医师资格考试有促进作用。     

深化教学模式改革以培养德技双馨人才--以黑龙江护理高等专科学校教改为例

探讨高等专科学校教学模式改革问题。以黑龙江护理专科学校为例,总结分析教学模式改革经验。该校自2010年由中专学校合并升格以来,积极贯彻国家职教文件精神,围绕培养德技双馨高技能人才目标,在深化教学模式改革方面做了创新性和具有成效的改革尝试。     

Career Placement of Doctor of Pharmacy Graduates at Eight U.S. Midwestern Schools

Objective. To characterize postgraduation placement plans of 2013 doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) graduates.Methods. A cross-sectional survey of PharmD graduates from 8 midwestern colleges of pharmacy was designed to capture a comprehensive picture of graduating students’ experiences and outcomes of their job search.Results. At graduation, 81% of 2013 respondents had postgraduate plans, with approximately 40% accepting jobs and 40% accepting residencies or fellowships. Eighty-four percent of graduates reported being pleased with offers received, and 86% received placement in their preferred practice setting. Students perceived that securing residencies was more difficult than securing jobs. Students who participated in key activities had a nearly sevenfold increase in successful residency placement.Conclusion. While the demand for pharmacists decreased in recent years, responses indicated successful placement by the majority of 2013 graduates at the time of graduation.     

Returning to work with aphasia: A case study

Background: For some people with aphasia, returning to work will be their eventual goal. While there are reports in the literature of incidence of return to work, and general discussion of success, there are few documented in depth studies of what this might entail for the individual with aphasia.

Aims: This paper explores returning to work with aphasia, and examines the complex relationship between the person, the aphasia and the demands of employment.

Methods & Procedures: This is a detailed case report, describing and reflecting on the experiences of GD, who returned to work following his stroke and aphasia. Therapy focused specifically on work requirements is described and the factors affecting GD's return to work explored. An interview was used to elicit GD's reflections on his experiences.

Outcome & Results: GD's language skills improved over time and with therapy, and he developed several strategies that facilitated his communication. He was able to return to work (part-time) in a modified role and this was successful initially. After an extended period (～19 months) his employment was terminated and GD explored other options. He moved on to a volunteering and charity trustee role.

Conclusions: The success (or not) of returning to work with aphasia is multi-faceted and does not rest solely with the person with aphasia. The nature of the work may have a strong bearing on success, as will the ability and willingness of the employer to engage in the process. Partnership with the person and constant review of goals and management is of overwhelming importance. We need to consider what “success” may mean in this context and the need to consider therapeutic and rehabilitation needs over a longer time frame.     

Introduction: New Directions for Vocational Rehabilitation in Substance User Treatment: Rebuilding Damaged Lives

If an important objective of addiction treatment is to increase patient employment, then it makes sense to locate vocational assistance within treatment programs. The purpose of this special issue is to present new research on the improvement of vocational services in addiction treatment. The volume begins with a critical review and synthesis of three decades of research on the effectiveness of specialized vocational services for addiction treatment patients. The new evaluation studies in this volume break down into those conducted in methadone treatment vs. other types of treatment settings. The volume concludes with a framework for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation within addiction treatment. Critical issues that need resolution in this field are identified.     

(In)capacité au travail ? Organisation et fonctionnement des ateliers pour personnes en situation de handicap en Allemagne

The article elaborates on the emergence of a new social category: the “worker incapable of working”, which has not yet been recognized in the scientific literature. In Germany, people excluded from the labour market are increasingly employed in workshops for people with disabilities due to what is defined as a total incapacity to work. In addition to the objective of labour market participation of people with disabilities, these workshops assume the aim of (re)establishing their performance and monitoring their reintegration into the general labour market. Changes in the profiles of people working in the workshops and their recent expansion are described, as well as the transformation of working processes and conditions, especially through digitalisation. The consequences of these transformations are studied within the framework of “activating” policies.     

Vocational identity and psychological adjustment: A study in French adolescents and emerging adults

The aim of the present research was to study vocational identity in French adolescent and emerging adult students by using a French adaptation of the Vocational Identity Status Assessment (VISA), and to analyze the links between vocational identity formation and negative and positive psychological adjustment. Participants were 1077 French students who completed self-report scales about vocational identity, depression and satisfaction with life. The French version of the VISA showed good psychometric properties and six identity statuses were derived by means of cluster analysis: achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, searching moratorium, diffused diffusion and carefree diffusion. The main findings show that diffused diffusion and moratorium represent the dark sides of identity because of their negative psychological adjustment, and that the two processes of reconsideration of commitment were differently associated with psychological adjustment. These findings demonstrate that clinical interventions should be adapted to the individual's identity profile.